An introduction to the social, historical, and ethical influences on modern science and technology. Cases include development of the atomic bomb, mechanization of the workplace, Apollo space program, and others. Readings are drawn from history, fiction, and social sciences; films and documentary videos highlight questions about the application of scientific knowledge to human affairs. The class is designed to give students freedom to develop and express their own ideas. (Cross listed as STSS- 1110. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and STSS-1110.) This course can be used to satisfy either humanities or social sciences distribution requirements. Fall and spring terms annually. 4 credit hours

How does science stimulate philosophical thinking and how has philosophy influenced science? This broad range of interaction is studied with special attention given to the concepts of theory, observation, and scientific method. Special attention is given to issues basic to psychology, in particular, reductionism, behaviorism, functionalism, and cognitivism. (Cross listed as PHIL-2130. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and PHIL-2130.) Fall term annually. 4 credit hours

This course details the scientific and social history of genetics, from Darwin and Mendel to the Human Genome Project. Special focus areas include: plant and animal breeding in the early twentieth century; eugenics movements in the U.S. and elsewhere; bacterial and fruit fly genetics; the development of molecular biology; the invention of recombinant-DNA technologies; the emergence of the biotechnology industry; the sociobiolo- gy controversies; genetics and evolutionary theory; and the Human Genome Project and contemporary genomics. Fall and spring annually. 4 credit hours

This course involves a philosophical analysis of some of the basic moral issues raised by recent and anticipated developments in the areas of biology and medicine. The general question "What are moral problems, and how does one resolve them?" is examined in the context of concrete cases involving issues such as abortion, euthanasia, organ transplants, experimentation on human patients, cloning, genetic engineering, behavior control and modification. (Cross listed as PHIL-2500. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and PHIL-2500.) Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

A treatment of the major events and issues in European history from the French Revolution to the eve of the First World War. The main focus is on the interplay among politics, economics, technology, and society as Europe changed from a largely agrarian to a predominantly industrial society. Annually. 4 credit hours

What are our conceptions of being a woman or a man, a daughter or a son, a wife or a husband, a mother or a father? This course attempts to answer this question from a variety of perspectives, including history, biology, social psychology, anthropology, and especially philosophy. Emphasis is placed on the potential for sexual liberation in being friends or lovers, in a marriage or a family, as well as in a career. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

Studies With an individual faculty member on an agreed-upon topic. 4 credit hours

Studies 4 credit hours

This course examines the ethical issues that arise as a result of increasing use of (and dependence on) computers and the responsibilities of computer professionals with regard to these issues. The course stresses the ways computers challenge traditional ethical and philosophical concepts and raise old issues in a new way. Topics include codes of conduct for computer professionals, property rights in computer software, privacy, cracking, liability, and responsibility in computing. Prerequisites: STSH- 1110/STSS-1110, STSS-2400, or permission of instructor. Alternate years. 4 credit hours

This course explores the ethical issues that engineers encounter in their professional practice. It also examines social values and law and policy issues that shape 578 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS engineering and technological decision making. Using case studies, professional codes of conduct, and scholarly literature, the course examines the responsibilities of engineers in relation to their employers, clients, co-professionals, and their responsibility for public safety and welfare. Topics include the history of engineering, professionalism vs. the demands of business, engineering vs. management decision making, whistle-blowing, proprietary rights and trade secrecy, and conflicts of interest. Prerequisite: STSH-1110/STSS-1110, STSS- 2400, or permission of instructor. Alternate years. 4 credit hours

While concepts such as quality of life, environment, nature, global ecology, and the like figure heavily in contemporary discussions, they are seldom integrated into an environmental philosophy. The course tries to achieve this integration by understanding some of the religious, mythic-poetic, and scientific dimensions of the human-nature matrix. Some specific environmental problems are examined to illustrate the system of values implied by various solutions. (Cross listed as PHIL-4300. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and PHIL-4300). Prerequisite: junior or senior standing or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

What is progress in science? How has our concept of progress been influenced by science? Are there significant differences between scientific and technological revolutions? These questions are explored in order to shed light on the complex dynamics of academic and industrial research. (Cross listed as PHIL-4310. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and PHIL-4310.) Prerequisite: PHIL-1110 or PHIL-2130/STSH-2130. Fall term alternate years. 4 credit hours

This course examines the forefronts of genetics and biotechnology, and their social and ethical implications, through multiple lenses: writings of scientists and science fiction writers, and historians, philosophers, and anthropologists of the life sciences. Topics may include: genetic testing and gene therapy; sports medicine; cosmetic psychopharmacology; patents and intellectual property; transgenic organisms; organ transplants and artificial organs; stem cell research; genetic enhancement; artificial life; cloning; and other related topics. Prerequisites: any STS course, or permission of the instructor. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

This course explores the roots and consequences of change in India, examining recent economic reforms, technologi- cal development, environmental crisis, increasing religious fundamentalism, poverty, population growth, and trends in literature, film, and art. The objective of the course is to provide students with a nuanced understanding of how social, cultural, and political-economic factors interact, com- plicating efforts to build sustainable modes of governance in the Third World. Fall term alternate years. 4 credit hours

A general introduction to Latin American culture: history from the colonial era to the present; Afro-American, Native American, and Euro-Latin cultures as portrayed in literature and ethnography; and current issues, such as race and racism and development and the local populations. (Cross listed as STSS-4580. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and STSS-4580.) Prerequisite: one H&SS course or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

Design research is used by firms to identify opportunities for strategic innovation that originate in people's unspoken needs and desires. This course introduces these methods and uses them to explore the tacit experience of users and designers. A central focus is on the role of design in shaping cognition and action. Students hone observational and interpretation skills on topics such as intelligent spaces, the nature of fun, emotion and everyday artifacts. Prerequisite: STSS-1510 or permission of the instructor. Fall term annually. 4 credit hours

The course examines the following questions: What is law? What is the relationship between law and morality? Is there a moral obligation not to break the law? Detailed examination is given to the concepts of liberty, justice, responsibility, and punishment. (Cross listed as PHIL-4740. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and PHIL-4740.) Prerequisite: one philosophy or STS course or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

A study, taking advantage of the university's locale, about industrialization as one important component in the development of American culture. Topics such as water for transportation and energy sources, architectural and engineering developments in conjunction with industrial growth, and social and political problems arising out of 19th-century industrialization are considered. Each student must keep a journal and is required to undertake a project and report findings in class. Classes are complemented by frequent, usually short, field trips to appropriate sites that are agreed upon by instructor and students. Prerequisite: one college-level course in American history or permission of instructor. Fall term annually. 4 credit hours

the 20th Century (American Architecture and Artifacts, 1700-1850) An attempt to understand the elements that have entered into the formation of the American culture, and therefore an attempt to understand the American culture itself. This is accomplished by a visual study of the architecture and artifacts of America during its formative period. Each student must keep a journal and is required to undertake a research project and report the findings to the class. Classes are complemented by frequent, usually short, field trips at times agreed upon by instructor and students to appropriate sites. Prerequisite: a college-level course in American history or permission of instructor. Spring term alternate years. 4 credit hours

An attempt to grasp the meaning of the Middle Ages as a time of spiritual insight and experience sandwiched between the Classical and Renaissance ages of reason. This is accomplished by a visual study of the architecture, sculpture, and painting of the period. The medieval culture offers insights into the contemporary experience. Each student must keep a journal and is required to undertake a research project and report the findings to the class. Classes are complemented by frequent, usually short, field trips at times agreed upon by instructor and students to appropriate sites. Prerequisite: a college-level course in American history or permission of instructor. Spring term alternate years. 4 credit hours

Internships This course offers an insight into the public policy process from the vantage point of a part-time internship in the public or private sector as well as an opportunity to explore a career option before actually embarking upon it. The following is a partial list of the large number of possible internships: airport planning, architecture, banking, biological research, clinical psychology, computer science, consumer protection, corporate management, engineering, environmental planning, geology, local government, mate- rials and mechanical engineering, noise pollution abatement, personnel management review, premedical, public finance and taxation, public health management, public relations, social work, state legislature, stock market, transportation planning, and urban planning. (Cross listed as STSS-4800. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and STSS-4800.) Prerequisites: STSH-1110/STSS- 1110; IHSS-1960; or permission of instructor. Fall and spring terms annually. 4 credit hours

Studio V PDI studio 5 focuses on an enriched sense of program and user needs definition through methodologies of the humanities and social sciences. Studio projects, presentations and readings explore the relation of race, class, and gender to technology, and the potential of design to address societal problems. The course has often focused on incorporating information technology in educational tools for low-income primary school students. Prerequisites: ARCH-2200, ENGR-2020, IHSS-2500, and ENGR-2050. Fall term annually. 4 credit hours

Seminar: Selected Topics In seminar style, all participants have the opportunity to choose materials/topics and lead discussions. General topic varies each time the seminar is offered. We emphasize our own relationships in the community of science and technology studies. Restricted to S&S majors. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

Society Selected topics in science and society to meet the needs of science and society majors. Previous courses offered include Technology, Minorities, and Women; Birth and Death; Fraud and Misconduct in Science; Utopian Thought; Engineering and Society: The Art of Design; Nature/Nurture Controversies; and Warfare: Social Dimensions. Prerequisite: any 2000-level STS course or consent of instructor. 4 credit hours

Studies With an individual faculty member on an agreed-upon topic. 4 credit hours

Studies 4 credit hours

Ordinarily consists of independent research, supervised by a faculty member, culminating in a written thesis. A creative endeavor such as a videotape or computer program may be substituted with departmental permission. Restricted to S&S majors with senior standing. Fall, spring, and summer terms annually. 4 credit hours

This course examines the ways in which policy decisions are influenced by values and the ways in which values and value issues are affected by policy decisions. Normative concepts and theories including theories of social justice, the role of individual autonomy, democratic process, and paternalism are examined for their implications for social policies. Case studies of particular policy controversies are used. Spring term annually. 3 credit hours

This course focuses on the role of the inquirer in inquiry, the relationship between language and inquiry, and the organizational and institutional contexts of inquiry. The emphasis in this course is on the methods of inquiry used in the humanities in relationship to STS problems. Required of STS doctoral students, other students by permission. Alternate years. 3 credit hours

An historical overview of the contrast between universal and local theories of knowledge. Readings begin with classic philosophy (Descartes, Hume, Kant, etc.), and the break from these universalist frameworks through modernist theories for cross-cultural comparison of knowledge systems (indigenous, national, folk, etc.). These in turn are critiqued through postmodern cultural theory, including popular culture studies, cyberculture, and postcolonial studies. Annually. 3 credit hours

Conducted in conjunction with STSH-4300, with additional graduate-level readings and assignments. Offered on the availability of instructor. 3 credit hours

Studies With an individual faculty member on an agreed-upon topic. 3 credit hours

Studies 3 credit hours

Active participation in a semester-long project, under the supervision of a faculty adviser. A Professional Project often serves as a culminating experience for a Professional Master's program but, with departmental or school approval, can be used to fulfill other program requirements. With approval, students may register for more than one Professional Project. Professional Projects must result in documentation established by each department or school, but are not submitted to the Graduate School and are not archived in the library. Grades of A,B,C, or F are assigned by the faculty adviser at the end of the semester. If not completed on time, a formal Incomplete grade may be assigned by the faculty adviser, listing the work remaining to be completed and the time limit for completing this work. STSS Science and Technology Studies-- Social Sciences Credit (HSSS) (For Science and Technology Studies-Humanities Credit, see STSH.) STSS-1110 Science, Technology, and Society An introduction to the social, historical, and ethical influences on modern science and technology. Cases include development of the atomic bomb, mechanization of the workplace, Apollo space program, and others. Readings are drawn from history, fiction, and social sciences; films and documentary videos highlight questions about the application of scientific knowledge to human affairs. The class is designed to give students freedom to develop and express their own ideas. (Cross listed as STSH-1110. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and STSH-1110.) This course can be used to satisfy either humanities or social sciences distribution requirements. Fall and spring terms annually. 4 credit hours

A study of the principles and concepts of sociology and their application to the study of society and self. Students are introduced to the scope, materials, and methods of sociology. The issues and problems to be studied come from basic social institutions such as the family, science, and religion. Other topics may include love, crime, political economy, power, population growth, social class, and minority and ethnic relations. Fall and spring terms annually. 4 credit hours

Government An analytical survey of the essential features of American government within the national setting of environmental and historical factors. Among the topics included are the foundations and characteristics of American constitutionalism; the principles of federalism and the boundaries of federal, state, and local governments; the structure and dynamics of political parties; the activities and interrelations of the legislative and executive branches on all levels of American government; the judicial process and judicial review. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

The world today faces enormous problems: the bloody horrors of war, the unconscionable and widening economic gap between rich and poor countries, and the looming threat of catastrophic environmental degradation. This course examines the causes and consequences of these 581 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES-SOCIAL SCIENCES CREDIT problems, wonders what a world beyond greed and hate would look like, and considers what it will take to build a better world. Toward these ends, several themes are explored, including the nature of the international system, contemporary challenges to the state system, and alternatives to hunger, exploitation, and international violence. Annually. 4 credit hours

An introduction to human societies and cultures in comparative perspective, from tribal societies to complex societies such as the United States. Emphasis on ethnographic descriptions of other cultures such as on the interpretation of cultural symbolism and on topical issues such as medical anthropology. Annually. 4 credit hours

Studies, Anthropology/ Archaeology, History, Political Science, or Sociology 4 credit hours

The purpose is to explore the contributions of anthropology, sociology, and history to health and illness. By the end of the course, students will have an overall picture of health fields, problems faced by patients and caregivers, medicine and health in non-Western societies, and the social shaping of disease and therapeutic choices. This course introduces the Medicine and Society Minor Concentration. Annually. 4 credit hours

What is engineering? How should engineering fit into society? What is engineering design? What role should engineering designers play in society? How do the social and technical aspects of design relate to each other? This course will explore answers to these questions through a variety of perspectives and case studies. Annually. 4 credit hours

The course's main theme is ecological sustainability: what it is, how it might be achieved, how it can be maintained. The theory and practice of sustainability is explored in three parts: through an examination of the concepts, actors, and processes of society-environment interactions; through an analysis of environmental philosophies and models for action; and by addressing the problems and prospects for building sustainable societies. This course prepares students for advanced environmental humanities and social sciences courses. Prerequisite: STSH-1110/STSS-1110 or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

on Science and Technology This course examines the interconnections between values and law, seeking to understand how these affect and are affected by science and technology by examining such topics as computers and privacy, medical malpractice, abortion, and other legal conflicts surrounding new reproductive technologies, problems of expert witnesses, sexual harassment, patent infringement, auto safety litigation, and siting of hazardous facilities, among others. Annually. 4 credit hours

Science and Technology An introduction to historical and comparative aspects of science and technology, with special attention paid to issues of culture and power. The course covers differences among Western cultures and between Western and non-Western cultures. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

This course examines the social and cultural effects of information technology. One section explores how cultural, economic, and ethical factors influence the design of information systems. A second section explores how access to information and communication can impact health, education, family structure, labor force participation and income distribution. The final section of the course explores shifts in the way societies are governed and in the way citizens participate in movements for social change. Annually. 4 credit hours

The systematic study of human origins has excited scientific and popular imaginations since Darwin. We consider two overlapping frameworks, sociobiology and paleoanthropology, for explaining the evolution of behavior. Topics include "selfish gene" theories of biological altruism, adaptation, and organism- environment interaction. We also develop critical perspectives on the exchange of ideas between science and society in determining the nature of human nature. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

An examination of the formative period of the nation's development, to 1877. Coverage includes the alteration of an Anglo-European culture to an American one; the causes for the colonial break with Britain; the problems of independence; the appearance and impact of American nationalism; Westward expansion and industrialization; and the causes and effects of the sectional clash. Annually. 4 credit hours

A survey of American history from the end of Reconstruction to the present. The course examines such major themes as industrialization, the rise of the city, and the impact of new technologies; it surveys the progressive movement, Theodore Roosevelt, Wilson, and the United States in World War I; and it concludes by treating the economic depression of the 1930s, the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. in World War II, and political and social developments from Kennedy to Carter. Annually. 4 credit hours

A topical study of European history from 1914 to the present. This course deals with World War I, Bolshevism in the Soviet Union, the Red scare and the rise of fascism, economics during the Depression and the work of Keynes, World War II, the rise of the technological society, the Cold War, and demographic and cultural patterns. Annually. 4 credit hours

A topical survey of the origins, course of events, and results of World War II (1935-1945). The course covers the international economic crisis of the 1930s; the rise of totalitarianism in Europe; the wars in Ethiopia, China, and Spain; German military expansion; the war on the Eastern front and in the Pacific; the Mediterranean campaigns; naval operations; the Grand Alliance of the Allied powers; and the spread of communism in Europe and Asia. Annually. 4 credit hours

Studies, Anthropology/Archaeology, History, Political Science, or Sociology With an individual faculty member on an agreed-upon topic. 4 credit hours

Studies, Anthropology/Archaeology, History, Political Science, or Sociology 4 credit hours

Effects of science and technology on social life are examined in specific contexts, such as agriculture, mining, factory and office work, and the home. Other topics may include the impact of electronic technologies, the changing role of science and scientists, and issues of social control. Goals are to present information about the effects of science and technology and to introduce social science concepts and methods useful in thinking about those effects. Prerequisite: STSH-1110/STSS-1110 or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

Recent research suggests that how people do make decisions deviates from how people rationally should make decisions. Both topics are the focal concern of the course, which surveys the influence of mental heuristics and biases, social context, and affect on judgment and choice. The material for examining individual and group decisions is drawn from laboratory research as well as a number of real-world situations including military operations, legal settings, and risk assessment. Prerequisite: any social science course, preferably PSYC-1200, or permission of instructor. Fall or spring term annually. 4 credit hours

Modern societies are characterized by varying degrees of social inequality or differences in education, income, wealth, status, and power. How large are these differences in the U.S.? What are their consequences? How are they created, and why do they persist? We examine such issues using social statistics, ethnographic accounts of people's lives, international comparative data, and theoretical writings on social class. Prerequisite: STSS-1210 or STSS- 1110. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

An introduction to Chinese social organization and politics through readings in primary and secondary sources, class discussion, and student research projects. The class examines the paths of development open to China, and the problems the Chinese people face in choosing among them, along with the historical background of values, symbols, anger, and pride against which these issues are debated. Prerequisite: a course in STS or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

Technologies How do the products of biomedical technology affect us as taxpayers, patients, caregivers, technicians, inventors, and developers? The course considers the nature and scope of biomedical technology. Intensively studied are genetic intervention, in vitro fertilization, the artificial heart and kidney, computer diagnosis, medical imaging systems, adult and neonatal intensive care units, and transplantation. The unintended consequences of these biomedical fixes are explored. Prerequisite: STSH-1110/STSS-1110 or STSS-2100 or STSS-1210 or PSYC-1200 or PHIL-2500 or STSS-4260 or permission of instructor. Fall term annually. 4 credit hours

This course explores the contributions of social science to the field of medicine. Following an historical and methodological introduction, the student follows the patient through the five stages of illness and medical care. Topics at each stage are discussed from the viewpoint of the patient, the medical care giver, and the health system. Students are encouraged, by means of a term paper, to explore areas that particularly interest them. Prerequisite: STSS-1210 or STSS-2100 or permission of instructor. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

All forms of knowledge and belief are products and reflections of social life. This course introduces and develops this idea for the case of science. The study of science as social relations serves as a vehicle for exploring the social nature of thinking and believing in general. Topics include laboratory culture, science and religion, gender and science, and science and democracy. Prerequisites: STSH-1110/STSS-1110 or STSS-1210 or STSS-1510. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

An introduction to the processes by which society guides (and fails to guide) science and technology. Aspects of politics to be studied include Congress and the Presidency, courts, regulatory agencies, interest groups, business, media, and public opinion. Substantive topics include government support of scientific research, environmental regulations, NASA, advanced weaponry, robotics, and biotechnology. Prerequisite: any 2000-level STS course or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

A highly interactive introduction to environmental politics and policy in the United States. Major themes include the background and context of environmental politics and policy, the policy-making process, environmental issues selected and reported on by students, the varieties of environmentalism, and environmental ethics. Prerequisite: any 2000-level STS course or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

Analysis of major political forces and policies of the principal nation-state groupings and leading powers that, on the one hand, reflect long-and short-range goals of these entities and, on the other hand, tend to promote stability or conflict in the international community. Prerequisite: STSS-1330 or permission of instructor. Fall term annually. 4 credit hours

A research seminar exploring the meaning of design in engineering, architecture, political theory, and other fields. How do social ideals and motives inspire design choices? To what extent does the design of human-made things shape the quality of public life? We study a variety of objects: buildings, machines, artifacts in everyday use, computer programs, political constitutions, etc. Prerequisites: any 2000-level course in STS or permission of instructor. Spring term odd-numbered years. 4 credit hours

This seminar focuses upon contemporary theoretical approaches to issues in political society. Writings in liberalism, conservatism, postmodernism, anarchism, and green politics are compared with special attention to their policy proposals. Prerequisite: any 2000-level STS course. Fall term alternate years. 4 credit hours

This course explores environmental issues that engage international attention and require new forms of policy and diplomacy. This course also explores the historical, cultural, and political-economic factors that contribute to contemporary concern about the environment. Particular attention is given to changing perceptions about the relationship between technological development, human welfare, and collective responsibility. Prerequisite: junior or senior status or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

Analyzes the political, social, and technical dimensions of civilian technologies perceived as potentially threatening to human health or the environment. Topics include chemical manufacturing, acid rain, pesticides, chemical and radioactive wastes, greenhouse effect, automobile safety, indoor air pollution, space flight, ozone, nuclear power, and other topics of interest to class members. Aspects of the political process studied include media, public opinion, risk perception, lobbying, scientific advice, Congress, President, courts, EPA and other regulatory agencies. Prerequisite: STSS-4310 or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

This course surveys the actors, processes, and proposed solutions to the problems of environment and development. The theory and practice of three main themes are explored: the background and context of environment and development in North and South; politics and economic development in the South; and the problems and prospects for sustainable societies in North and South. Prerequisite: STSS-2300 or permission of instructor. Spring term alternate years. 4 credit hours

Using cross-cultural comparisons, this course highlights the distinctive ways we conceptualize the body and explore how these assumptions influence health care in Western societies. The body is examined from three perspectives: as experienced; as a natural symbol for thinking about the relationships between nature and society; and as an artifact of social and political control. Prerequisite: a 1000-level social science course. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

This course explores how culture influences the perception of environmental problems and the legal strategies relied on to solve them. The course also explores how environmental crisis challenges conventional ways of assessing and resolving social problems, requiring the innovation of new standards for establishing evidence, responsibility, and compensation. Case studies analyze historical change in the way the law operates, particularly with regard to threats to human health. Prerequisite: junior/senior status or permission of instructor. Spring term alternate years. 4 credit hours

Western Eyes Using movies, newsreels, Middle Eastern fiction, and the writings of both Middle Eastern and Western 584 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS anthropologists, we compare the ways Westerners and Middle Easterners see themselves. Topics include how the French and British viewed the countries of the Middle East they colonized, how the Arabs saw themselves and interpreted their struggles against colonialism, and how Americans perceive Middle Eastern events today. Prerequisite: a course in anthropology or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

"Sex" is the biological distinction between being male and female. "Gender" is the social construction of masculinity and femininity. The purpose of this course is to explore if, and if so, how, science and technology reciprocally contribute to and are shaped by gender ideals and images. We use gender as a tool for critical thinking about such topics as studies of sex differences, women in science and engineering, the environment, and war and peace. Prerequisite: STSH-1110/STSS-1110 or STSH-2720 or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

This course explores the roots and consequences of change in India, examining recent economic reforms, technological development, environmental crisis, increasing religious fundamentalism, poverty, population growth, and trends in literature, film, and art. The objective of the course is to provide students with a nuanced understanding of how social, cultural, and political- economic factors interact, complicating efforts to build sustainable modes of governance in the Third World. Fall term alternate years. 4 credit hours

A general introduction to Latin American culture: history from the colonial era to the present; Afro-American, Native American, and Euro-Latin cultures as portrayed in literature and ethnography; and current issues, such as race and racism and development and the local populations. (Cross listed as STSH-4580. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and STSH-4580.) Prerequisite: one H&SS course or permission of instructor. Offered on availability of instructor. 4 credit hours

An introduction to the major events and issues in German history since 1914. The main focus is the interplay among politics, economics, and society in 20th-century Germany. Additional themes include the impact of war on society; the rich cultural legacy of the Weimar Republic; National Socialism's effects on political, economic, and cultural life; and continuity and change in German history. Prerequisite: a European history course or permission of instructor. Alternate years. 4 credit hours

Medical theory and practice are shaped both by culture and by prevailing disease patterns. The first half of this course surveys the history of Western medicine from Hippocrates until 1800. The second half of the course concentrates on 19th century and 20th century medicine, focusing in particular on developments in the United States. Prerequisite: a course in STS or permission of instructor. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

Discusses the growth of American technology and its place within the framework of American history as well as the interrelationship of American and foreign technological developments. This course stresses the cultural contexts of technological change. Topics covered include the Erie Canal, the American system of manufacturing, railroads, emergence of engineering professions, corporate R&D, household technology, the technology of modern warfare, and the electronics revolution. Prerequisite: one course in American history or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

Examines scientific thought and institutions in the United States from the 18th to 20th centuries. Emphases on the interrelations between science and society from Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson to explorations of the West, the American reception of Darwinism, the Scopes Monkey trial, growth of the scientific-military-industrial complex, and the bomb. Prerequisite: STSH-1110/ STSS-1110 or one course in American history or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

This course will examine the social history of the information revolution, focusing on the post-World War II era. It explores the identity and cultural context of inventors and inventions, briefly surveying early mass com- munications, and then focusing on the first mainframes, the birth of cybernetics, the personal computer, and the Internet. Prerequisite: STSH- 1110/STSS-1110 or one course in American history or permission of instructor. Annually. 4 credit hours

Internships This course offers an insight into the public policy process from the vantage point of a part-time internship in the public or private sector as well as an opportunity to explore a career option before actually embarking upon it. The following is a partial list of the large number of possible internships: airport planning, architecture, banking, biological research, clinical psychology, computer science, consumer protection, corporate management, engineering, environmental planning, geology, local government, mate- rials and mechanical engineering, noise pollution abate- 585 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES-SOCIAL SCIENCES CREDIT ment, personnel management review, premedical, public finance and taxation, public health management, public relations, social work, state legislature, stock market, trans- portation planning, and urban planning. (Cross listed as STSH-4800. Students cannot obtain credit for both this course and STSH-4800.) Prerequisites: STSH-1110/STSS- 1110; IHSS-1960; first year studies course or permission of instructor. Fall and spring terms annually. 4 credit hours

This course explores technological contexts for leadership roles. Assignments develop a variety of communication skills. A team-based project gives students the opportuni- ty to demonstrate leadership initiative by proposing solu- tions to social problems that combine technical expertise with social analysis and communication skills. Prerequisite: ENGR-1010. The course is limited to junior and senior engineering majors. A similar course is offered in Cognitive Science, and students cannot take both courses for credit. Fall and spring terms annually. 2 credit hours

and Society An undergraduate honors-style seminar examining inter- actions between technology and modern society. Particular attention will be given to the historical origins and contemporary contexts of technological change in America, especially the Hudson/ Mohawk region of New York. The specific topic of the seminar will change each year, coordinated with visiting lecturers and other schol- arly events, publicized during the fall term. Prerequisite: any 2000 level STS course and permission of instructor. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

Seminar: Selected Topics In seminar style, all participants have the opportunity to choose materials/topics and lead discussions. General topics vary each time the seminar is offered. We emphasize our own relationships in the community of science and technology studies. Restricted to S&S majors. Spring term annually. 4 credit hours

Society Selected topics in science and society to meet the needs of science and society majors. Previous courses offered include Government, Business, Military, and Science; Ecology and Society; Cultural Dimensions of Clinical Medicine; Technological Innovation; Arms Control and Disarmament; Public Policy and Energy Development; World Energy Politics; Cultural History of Water in the USA; and Science, Technology, and Culture in China. Prerequisite: any 2000-level STS course or consent of instructor. 4 credit hours

Studies, Anthropology/Archaeology, History, Political Science, or Sociology With an individual faculty member on an agreed-upon topic. 4 credit hours

Studies, Anthropology/Archaeology, History, Political Science, or Sociology 4 credit hours

Ordinarily consists of independent research, supervised by a faculty member, culminating in a written thesis. A creative endeavor such as a videotape or computer program may be substituted with departmental permission. Restricted to S&S majors with senior standing. Fall, spring, and summer terms annually. 4 credit hours

in Science and Technology Studies A two-semester graduate seminar designed primarily for matriculants in the department's M.S. program in Science and Technology Studies. Introduces students to the litera- ture and the current issues in the constituent disciplines of Science and Technology Studies. Considers applications of this scholarship to current practical problems involving the human dimensions of science and technology. The first semester culminates in a bibliographic essay. In the second semester, students conduct research under the supervision of individual faculty members on topics of mutual interest. Prerequisite: graduate status or permission of instructor. Fall and spring terms annually. 3 credit hours

The seminar examines interactions between technology and society from the vantage point of the various disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives that have contributed to technology studies. The texts, theories, and arguments that were important for the historical development of the field are covered, as well as contemporary issues. The seminar provides the resources and develops the skill needed for understanding, criticizing, constructing, and developing research in the field. Restricted to STS graduate students or by permission. Annually. 3 credit hours

An overview of the field of science and technology policy studies from various disciplinary perspectives and a survey of various policy types or arenas. The texts, theories, and arguments that were important for the historical development of the field are covered, as well as contemporary issues. The seminar provides the resources and develops the skill needed for understanding, criticizing, constructing, and developing research in the field. Restricted to STS graduate students or by permission of instructor. Annually. 3 credit hours

This course offers an overview of social science techniques and research design and logistics and approaches widely used in STS. Fall term annually. 3 credit hours

This course provides a foundation for professional-level research in science and technology studies. Through group research exercises, students explore the intersection between research issues (ethics, reliability, validity, quantification) and types of observation. Restricted to STS doctoral students or by permission. Alternate years. 3 credit hours

A broad survey of the field of science studies from the vantage point of various disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives that have contributed to the development of science studies. The texts, theories, and arguments that were important for the historical development of the field are covered, as well as contemporary issues. The seminar provides the resources and develops the skill needed for understanding, criticizing, constructing, and developing research in the field. Restricted to STS graduate students or by permission of instructor. Annually. 3 credit hours

This course focuses on contemporary social theory to understand the historical origins, institutional structures, and dominant trajectories of environmental-social change. Three main questions structure our inquiry into the links among science, technology, environment, and social theory: 1) why do modern societies degrade their environments? 2) why do environmental movements arise, or what are the social structural, cultural, and political origins of environmentalism? and 3) can some particular politics curtail environmental degradation? Fall term alternate years. 3 credit hours

Policy Conducted in conjunction with STSS-4320, with additional graduate-level readings and assignments. Spring term annually. 3 credit hours

Thought Conducted in conjunction with STSS-4360, with additional graduate-level readings. Graduate students must write a research paper along with all other requirements for the course. Offered on the availability of instructor. 3 credit hours

This course explores how the health impacts of environmental problems are understood and responded to through medical, legal, and regulatory intervention. Case studies are used to highlight different strategies for dealing with environmental illness, comparing the perspectives of affected people, medical professionals, lawyers, government officials, industry representatives, and media. A core component of the course is devoted to problems related to exposure to toxic chemicals, including readings on popular epidemiology, mass torts, transboundary victimization and medical rehabilitation models. Fall term alternate years. 3 credit hours

Culture Conducted in conjunction with STSS-4540, with additional graduate-level readings and assignments. Spring term alternate years. 3 credit hours

Technology Conducted in conjunction with STSS-4560. Additional graduate-level readings will focus on the impact of feminist theory on science and technology studies, and students are required to write a research paper. Offered on the availability instructor. 3 credit hours

Values, and Policy This introductory seminar in the Ecological Economics, Values, and Policy Professional Masters Program surveys the theories, methods, and world views of the approaches of ecological economics and science and technology studies to social scientific and humanistic environmental inquiry. Topics include: valuation, social construction, market failure, cultural studies, externalities, environmental policy and politics, Pareto optimality, and environmental ethics and philosophy. Fall term. 3 credit hours

Since the Industrial Revolution A graduate, seminar-style review of the extant interpretations of the history of science and technology in Western Civilization since the mid-1700s. Emphasis on historiographic mastery. Preparation of a bibliographic essay tailored to the student's concentration. Prerequisites: graduate standing in STS or permission of instructor. Alternate years. 3 credit hours

Economics, Values, and Policy The course focuses on the development of practical proposals for responding to environmental problems and opportunities. Research projects will include both primary data collection and the formulation of policy recommendations. Course readings will focus on case studies that involve disputes over environmental and economic issues, providing the basis for class discussion about how such disputes can be documented, analyzed and resolved through various scientific, legal, managerial, and 587 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES-SOCIAL SCIENCES CREDIT policy initiatives. Prerequisites: EEVP Professional Masters students or permission of instructor. Fall term. 3 credit hours

Studies With an individual faculty member on an agreed-upon topic. 1 to 3 credit hours

Studies Selected topics. 3 credit hours

3 to 6 credit hours

Active participation in research, under the supervision of a faculty adviser, leading to a master's thesis. Grades of IP are assigned until the thesis has been approved by the faculty adviser and accepted by the Office of Graduate Education to be archived in a standard format in the library. Grades will then be listed as S. 1 to 9 credit hours

Active participation in research, under the supervision of a faculty adviser, leading to a doctoral dissertation. Grades of IP are assigned until the dissertation has been publicly defended, approved by the doctoral committee, and accepted by the Office of Graduate Education to be archived in a standard format in the library. Grades will then be listed as S. Up to 30 credit hours